Early estimates put the budget at less than $1 billion in todayвЂ™s dollars, but the price tag continued to blow up, eventually reaching $8.8 billion, not counting about $1 billion for its future operating costs. But while NASA originally planned its launch for 2007, that date was repeatedly pushed back.

Twenty years ago in a decadal survey, during which a team of experts organized by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine produce a heavy report that ranks the next big projects in space science, they chose to make building the James Webb Space Telescope a top priority, as they had similarly prioritized its predecessors, including Hubble and Spitzer. The massive telescope has also had its share of massive controversies, particularly over its cost and delays. And it will be sent nearly a million miles from home, to a point where it will take minimal fuel to counteract the gravitational pull of the sun and Earth, and where the shield will be able to effectively block their light. To minimize its own radiation, the telescope will be chilled to colder than -380 degrees Fahrenheit, which is barely warmer than absolute zero. But infrared light is essentially heat radiation, so its ultra-sensitive detectors canвЂ™t be contaminated with any other heat. Unlike HubbleвЂ™s optical view of the universe, JWST will focus on infrared wavelengths so that it can penetrate gas and dust clouds to image distant objects. A five-layer, diamond-shaped sunshield will unfurl to the size of a tennis court, to block out excess light that might hinder the search for exoplanets and other faint cosmic objects. A gold-coated segmented mirror of 18 hexagons will span 21 feet in total. While JWST currently fits compactly within the rocketвЂ™s frame, the telescope will unfold in space. вЂњIf you were a bumblebee hovering at a distance between the moon and Earth away from the telescope, we would be able to see you.вЂќ JWST is much bigger and more powerful than the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes, he says. When astronomers have a dream, we never know how long it will take for it to happen,вЂќ says John Mather, JWST senior project scientist at NASAвЂ™s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. If that launch is delayed, the next window of opportunity comes 24 hours later. Barring inclement weather or technical difficulties, itвЂ™s scheduled for launch on December 25 at 7:20 am Eastern time, atop an Arianespace Ariane 5 rocket from EuropeвЂ™s Spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, on the northeastern coast of South America. The massive undertaking has become a reality thanks to a collaboration between hundreds of scientists and engineers at NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency. Nearly three decades later, after overcoming engineering, logistical, and political challenges, the ambitious spacecraft envisioned as HubbleвЂ™s successor will finally blast off.Дubbed the James Webb Space Telescope, or JWST, in honor of a former NASA administrator, it comes packed with the biggest mirror ever to fly in space, a huge sunshield, and a suite of cutting-edge instruments that will enable it to find new life-friendly planets, reveal the births and deaths of stars, and probe the early years of the universe. In the mid-1990s, a team of scientists proposed developing a next-generation infrared space probe.

James webb space telescope launch date